Mental Health in Malaysia: Overcoming Stigma and Benefits of Improving Access to Care

An estimated 1 in 3 people in Malaysia suffers from a mental disorder of some sort. But, unfortunately, half of those individuals have not been diagnosed. To aggravate things, most people who do not get mental health treatment may develop serious complications and even get hospitalised.

Despite this risk, mental illness stigma is still widespread in many cultures and nations.

Stigma is often described as severe social disapproval due to believed characteristics, beliefs or behaviours against political, cultural or social norms.

The stigma of mental illness could be one of the most deeply rooted in the collective human consciousness. So, how can we help overcome mental health stigma and change attitudes and perspectives?

What is mental health?

Mental health, as defined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary, is “a state of emotional, mental and behavioural health in which an individual experiences a normal degree of emotional neutrality or lack of tension with regard to thoughts, feelings, behaviour and physical abilities.”

Bipolar disorder (also known as manic depression), anxiety disorders and depression are the most common mental health conditions. Mental disorders affect all ethnicities, ages and gender groups in Malaysia.

Why is mental health important?

Our quality of life is significantly impacted by mental health. It is a key facet of our overall well-being. It enables us to make informed decisions and live our lives with a sense of purpose— giving us the ability to cope with our day-to-day challenges and daily activities.

It also gives us the strength to face life's uncertainties, achieve personal goals and deal with emotional or psychological problems.

How common are mental health illnesses?

Mental health conditions are more common than many people realise. In fact, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), one in eight people globally may experience a mental health condition at some point in their lives. This includes depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, etc.

Mental health Malaysia statistics

According to a study by the Malaysian Mental Health Association, an estimated that one in five Malaysians will experience a mental health struggle in their lifetime.

A study by the Malaysian Ministry of Health also found that approximately 10% of Malaysians aged 16 and above have reported experiencing symptoms of depression and also found that the prevalence of stress was higher among Malaysians aged 16-29.

Unfortunately, the actual prevalence of these conditions in Malaysia is likely much higher, as many individuals may not seek help due to stigma and a lack of access to care.

What causes mental health conditions?

Various factors, including biological, environmental, and life experiences, cause these conditions. They can be summarised as follows:

Biological factors like genetics (inherited traits) and one's brain chemistry.
Environmental factors include exposure to environmental stressors, inflammatory conditions, toxins, alcohol or drugs, especially before birth.
Life experiences like stress and

Risk factors for mental health conditions

Generally speaking, life is full of factors that predispose us to mental health conditions:

Mental illness history in the family.
A previous mental illness.
Stressful life situations including the death of a loved one, divorce, or financial trouble.
Chronic medical conditions, such as diabetes and cancer.
Traumatic experiences, like military combat or assault.
A childhood history of abuse or neglect.
Loneliness and isolation.
Use of alcohol or recreational drugs.

Early signs of mental health disorders

Early signs can vary depending on the specific condition, but some common symptoms to look out for include:

Changes in mood or behaviour may include sudden mood swings, irritability, or a persistent sad or anxious mood.

Changes in sleep or appetite: Sleeping too much or too little, and significant changes in appetite.

Difficulty concentrating: Mental health conditions may make concentrating or focus difficult and cause forgetfulness.

Withdrawal from social activities: Individuals may start to withdraw, lose interest in hobbies, or isolate themselves from friends and family.

Feelings of hopelessness or helplessness: Persistent feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, or worthlessness can be signs of a mental health condition.

Physical symptomps like headaches, muscle tension, or fatigue, can also manifest.

It is important to seek help if you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, as early intervention and treatment may lead to better outcomes. For the most part, mental health conditions are treatable, and with the right support, individuals may regain their well-being and lead fulfilling lives.

Treatment for mental health problems

Depending on the specific condition, various treatments are available for mental health conditions, including psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy involves mental health professionals helping patients via vocal interactions and engagements. During these sessions, one can learn about their illness, emotions, thoughts, behaviour, and also different coping and stress management techniques.

There are various kinds of psychotherapy, each with its unique strategy for improving mental well-being. When selecting a therapist, make sure you trust him or her and feel comfortable speaking with them. It is also important that your therapist understands who you are and how your life has shaped you.

Medication

Medication can effectively treat some mental health conditions, like depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. Although the drugs don't cure illnesses, they can significantly improve symptoms.

Some prescription psychiatric medications that are widely utilised include:

Antidepressants are designed to help treat depression, anxiety, and various other conditions. They boost mood, enhance energy levels, and stimulate participation in various activities, alleviating symptoms such as sadness, hopelessness, and disinterest.

Anti-anxiety drugs combat anxiety disorders like generalised anxiety disorder or panic disorder. They may also assist in reducing agitation and sleep problems.

Mood stabilising drugs treat mania and depression associated with bipolar disorder. They may sometimes be combined with antidepressants to treat depression.

Antipsychotics are primarily employed in treating psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and may also be used for bipolar disorders or combined with antidepressants to treat depression.

Lifestyle changes

Lifestyle changes, such as exercise, a healthy diet, and stress management techniques, can also effectively manage symptoms of mental health conditions.

Importance of mental health awareness

Mental health awareness is important for several reasons:

Reduces stigma

One barriers to seeking help for these conditions is the stigma surrounding them. By promoting mental health awareness, we can reduce the stigma and create a more supportive and accepting society where individuals feel comfortable seeking help when they need it.

Improves access to care

Mental health awareness leads to improvements in access to care. This includes increased funding for mental health services, greater availability of mental health resources, and more trained mental health professionals.

Empowers individuals to seek help

Mental health awareness empowers individuals to take control of their mental health. Learning about these conditions allows them to recognise the signs and symptoms and seek help when needed.

Where to seek help for mental health in Malaysia?

There are a few options for seeking help for mental health in Malaysia:

Primary care providers are a good starting point if you are experiencing symptoms of a mental health condition. They can evaluate your symptoms and refer you to a professional if necessary.
Mental health specialists, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, and mental health counsellors, are trained to diagnose and treat mental health conditions.

You can find a mental health specialist through a hospital or clinic or by contacting professional organisations such as the Malaysian Psychiatric Association.

Support groups are helpful for individuals struggling with these conditions. These groups are a safe and supportive environment where individuals can share their experiences and connect with others who went through similar experiences.
Hotlines can be a helpful resource for individuals who need immediate support or are in crisis. The Malaysian Mental Health Association provides a toll-free helpline for individuals in need of support.
Online resources are available for individuals seeking help for mental health in Malaysia. These resources include online counselling services, virtual support groups, and information about mental health conditions and treatment options.

Does insurance cover treatment for mental health in Malaysia?

In Malaysia, insurance coverage for mental health treatment varies depending on the insurance policy. Some insurance providers cover mental health treatment, while others don't.

Prudential, one of Malaysia's biggest insurers, covers mental health care through their PRUAll Care package.

Nonetheless, it is important to carefully review your insurance policy and understand what is covered. Always contact your insurance provider to discuss your options if you have concerns about insurance coverage for mental health treatment.

Conclusion

Mental health is a critical component of one's overall well-being and is essential to leading a happy and fulfilling life. However, mental health conditions are common and can significantly impact individuals and their loved ones.

That being said, it is important to prioritise mental health awareness and access to care to reduce mental health conditions' stigma and empower individuals to seek help when needed.

There are several options for seeking help for mental health in Malaysia, including primary care providers, mental health specialists, support groups, hotlines, and online resources. Furthermore, some insurance providers, such as Prudential, offer mental health treatment coverage, but it is important to carefully review your insurance policy and understand what is covered.