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Prostate Cancer: Understanding Risks, Prevention, and Insurance Coverage Options

Prostate cancer is a common type of cancer that affects men, and thus, is a significant health concern. As such, men from all walks of life must grasp the risks associated with prostate cancer fully.

This article explores the underlying elements of prostate cancer, prevention strategies, and insurance coverage options that can provide financial security during challenging times. So, without further ado, let’s delve in!

What is prostate cancer?

Prostate cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow in the prostate gland[1]. The prostate is a miniature walnut-shaped gland located below the bladder and in front of the rectum in men.

The prostate's primary function is to produce seminal fluid. This seminal fluid nourishes and transports sperm during ejaculation. Unfortunately, while the prostate is an essential part of the male reproductive system— it is also susceptible to the development of cancerous cells.

Prostate cancer symptoms

Prostate cancer is known for its subtle progression, often manifesting without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. However, as the disease advances, some men may experience changes that could signal the emergence of prostate cancer.

It's crucial for individuals—especially those at higher risk— to be vigilant about these symptoms and seek prompt medical attention if they occur. Here are critical symptoms associated with prostate cancer:

Changes in urination

  • Difficulty starting or stopping urination: Prostate cancer may affect the urethra, a tube that carries urine from the bladder. For context, changes in the prostate's size or the presence of tumours may obstruct the urethra. Consequently, this may lead to difficulty initiating or stopping urination.

  • Weak or interrupted urinary flow: An altered urine flow, such as a weak stream or interruptions during urination, may indicate prostate-related issues.

  • Frequent urination, especially at night: Increased frequency of urination, particularly during the night (nocturia), may signal prostate enlargement or other urinary problems associated with prostate cancer.

 

Blood in urine or semen

  • Hematuria (blood in urine): The presence of blood in the urine may indicate prostate cancer or other urinary tract issues. This symptom should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

  • Hematospermia (blood in semen): While less common, the appearance of blood in semen may be associated with prostate conditions, including cancer.

 

Pelvic discomfort or pain

  • Pelvic pain or discomfort: Some men with prostate cancer may experience discomfort or pain in the pelvic region, which includes the area between the genitals and the rectum.

 

It's essential to keep in mind that non-cancerous conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia[2] (BPH) may also cause these symptoms. However, any persistent or unusual changes should be promptly discussed with a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and diagnosis.

Prostate cancer causes

The cause of prostate cancer is unknown. Nonetheless, understanding the factors that may contribute to the emergence of prostate cancer is essential. Various risk factors increase susceptibility, including age, family history, ethnicity, and lifestyle choices.

Risk factors for prostate cancer

Let’s take a look at the most common risk factors of prostate cancer:

  • Age: The prostate cancer risk may increase with age— making regular screenings vital as one ages.

  • Family history: Having a family history of prostate cancer may elevate one’s risk of getting prostate cancer[3].

  • Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups may face a higher risk of prostate cancer. For example, African and African Caribbean men are more predisposed to prostate cancer than other ethnicities.

  • Lifestyle choices: Unhealthy habits such as poor diet and lack of exercise may contribute to prostate cancer risk.

 

 

How to diagnose prostate cancer

Early diagnosis is pivotal for effective treatment. Regular screenings, such as the prostate-specific antigen[4] (PSA) test, help detect abnormalities. Understanding the stages of prostate cancer aids in determining the appropriate course of action.

Prostate Cancer Stages

Prostate cancer is staged from I to IV, with each stage indicating the extent of the disease.

  • Stage I: This is the earliest stage of prostate cancer. Cancer in this early stage is typically slow-growing and confined to the prostate.

  • Stage II: During this state, the tumour can only be found in the prostate. Furthermore, one’s PSA levels are medium or relatively low.

  • Stage III: PSA levels are high during this stage, and the tumour is growing. This consequently indicates a locally advanced cancer that is likely to grow and spread.

  • Stage IV: In this stage, the cancer has spread beyond the prostate, potentially spreading to regional lymph nodes, bones, or other organs.

 

Prostate cancer treatment

Prostate cancer is treatable by leveraging different effective types of cancer treatments. For example:

  1. Surgery: The most common treatment for early-stage prostate cancer is a prostatectomy. This is an operation where the prostate is surgically removed.

  2. Radiation therapy employs high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.

  3. Hormone therapy, or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), works by blocking cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to grow.

  4. Precision medicine: Precision medicine for cancer tailors therapies based on each male patient's tumour and genetic makeup— delivering a more effective and targeted approach to prostate cancer treatment. This approach considers factors, like gene mutations and protein markers, to determine the most effective treatment options for prostate cancer patients.

How does prostate cancer affect you?

To understand the impact of prostate cancer, considering the physical, emotional, and financial aspects is crucial.

Side effects of prostate cancer treatment

Prostate cancer treatment may lead to side effects such as fatigue, urinary incontinence, and sexual dysfunction.

The emotional impact of prostate cancer

The emotional toll can be significant. A man diagnosed with the disease may feel overwhelming fear, anger, and uncertainty.

Men may also experience frustration and denial as they come to terms with the diagnosis and its potential impact on their lives. This may lead to depression and emotional distress due to feelings of vulnerability and a sense of loss.

Financial impact of prostate cancer

The financial implications of prostate cancer can be substantial. The costs associated with prostate cancer management and treatment usually extend beyond direct medical expenses.

They may encompass lost income due to disruptions in employment, and even the potential need for caregiving services. This financial burden may considerably intensify if the cancer progresses to an advanced stage— dictating more costly interventions.

Insurance for prostate cancer

For young men seeking comprehensive coverage, critical Illness insurance for men via products like PRUMan provides a number of benefits. For example, death/total and permanent disability (TPD) benefits, gender-specific illness benefits, treatment and recovery benefits, unique benefits, and money-back benefits.

Additionally, with premiums ranging from RM53 per month, it ensures accessibility for a broad demographic. Furthermore, this gender-specified illness coverage avails cash rewards, making the coverage more than just financial security.

Lastly, policyholders can enjoy a refund of premiums upon maturity, adding a unique layer of financial benefit.

How to prevent prostate cancer

Preventing prostate cancer involves a combination of adopting a healthy lifestyle, being aware of risk factors, and undergoing regular screenings. While not all risk factors are modifiable, specific proactive measures can contribute to a lower risk of developing prostate cancer.

Here are some actionable tips on how to prevent prostate cancer:

1.    Adopt a healthy diet

  • Eat a balanced diet: Focus on a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. These foods deliver essential nutrients and antioxidants that contribute to overall health.

  • Choose healthy fats: Opt for healthy fats, such as those found in olive oil, fatty fish, and avocados. Limit saturated and trans fats, commonly found in processed and fried foods.

  • Limit red meat and processed foods: Reduce the intake of red meat and processed foods. High consumption of red meat, mainly processed and charred meats, has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer[5].

 

2. Maintain a healthy weight

  • Regular exercise: Engage in regular physical activity. Target a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. Exercise helps maintain a healthy weight and contributes to overall well-being.

  • Control body weight: Maintain a healthy weight via a balanced diet and regular exercise. Obesity is linked to an augmented risk of developing prostate cancer.

 

3. Consider supplementation

  • Vitamin D: Adequate levels of vitamin D may have a protective effect against prostate cancer. Consider getting sunlight exposure and discussing vitamin D supplementation with your healthcare provider. 

  • Selenium and Vitamin E: Some studies suggest that selenium and vitamin E may have a role in prostate cancer prevention[6]. However, obtaining these nutrients through a balanced diet rather than supplements is crucial, as excessive intake may have adverse effects.

 

4. Understand and manage risk factors

  • Know your family history: If there's a family history of prostate cancer, one may be at a higher risk of the disease. Inform your healthcare provider about any family history for appropriate screening recommendations.

 

5. Regular prostate cancer screenings

  • PSA Test: Elevated PSA levels may indicate potential issues, including prostate cancer.

  • Digital Rectal Examination (DRE): A digital rectal examination involves a healthcare provider's physical examination of the prostate. While it may not detect all prostate cancers, it can identify abnormalities that may warrant further investigation.

 

 

Is prostate cancer curable?

The prospects of a cure increase significantly when prostate cancer is detected early. Insurance plays a crucial role in this context, covering the costs of screenings and treatments and providing financial stability during recovery.

Conclusion

When navigating the complexities of prostate cancer, knowledge is your greatest ally. Understanding the risks, recognising symptoms, and exploring preventive measures are essential.

Additionally, having the right insurance coverage, such as PRUMan, ensures financial peace of mind during challenging times. Remember, your health is an investment; being informed is the first step towards a healthier future.

[1]How does the prostate work?, Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279291/

[2]Prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia), Available at https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/prostate-problems/prostate-enlargement-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/

[3]Family history and the risk of prostate cancer, Available at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2251225/

[4]Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test, Available at https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/psa-fact-sheet

[5]Meat consumption, Cooking Practices, Meat Mutagens and Risk of Prostate Cancer, Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3516139/

[6]Selenium and Vitamin E for Prostate Cancer: Post-SELECT (Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial) Status, Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3022975/

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